Los trabajos de demolición de la terminal de autobuses Observatorio y la transformación que tendrá esta zona ubicada al poniente de la capital, en la alcaldía Álvaro Obregón, es un buen motivo para recordar cómo lucía antes y el por qué de su nombre.
Fue en los años 60 que se conformó la ahora extinta Central Poniente para agilizar el traslado de habitantes del poniente de la capital hacia el centro y así evitar que los camiones de pasajeros ingresaran a la zona céntrica de la CDMX.
Para ahondar más en el tema platicamos con Kevin Enrique Cruz Ramírez, quien desde hace tres años es fundador y administrador de la página de Facebook “Metronomía”, con información referente al STC Metro.
Construcción de la estación terminal del Metro Observatorio en los años 70. Colección Villasana.
Kevin comenta que en 1908 se inauguró el nuevo edificio del Observatorio Astronómico Nacional en Tacubaya, y aclara que el conjunto arquitectónico no sólo integraba un edificio para albergar los telescopios: también alojaba una biblioteca, oficinas y pequeñas casas habitacionales para los astrónomos.
Lee también: Desde Tacubaya se podía ver el Universo
El crecimiento acelerado de la capital, continúa Cruz Rojas, extendió el alumbrado público e incrementó la contaminación, por lo que décadas después el Observatorio se vio obligado a buscar otro tipo de condiciones climáticas y geográficas que lo beneficiaran.
Este es el domo que se construyó para el telescopio “Carta del Cielo” en su nuevo hogar, el Observatorio Astronómico Nacional de Tonantzintla. Wikimedia Commons.
En 1942, Luis Enrique Erro fundó el Observatorio Astrofísico de Tonantzintla, Puebla, que de acuerdo al sitio oficial del Instituto de Astronomía de la UNAM “se escogió Tonantzintla (...) porque cumplía con normas de calidad por su elevado número de noches despejadas, así como altura geográfica y por su mínima incidencia lumínica de las poblaciones cercanas”.
Ambos observatorios funcionaron hasta 1951, cuando se decidió trasladar por completo el Observatorio de Tacubaya.
Kevin agrega con emoción que uno de los instrumentos cuyo traslado era de suma importancia fue el telescopio “Carta del Cielo”, mandado a hacer en 1889 a una compañía irlandesa de nombre Grubb y que instalaron en 1890, durante el gobierno de Porfirio Díaz. A través de él se obtuvieron miles de placas fotográficas y algunas de ellas fueron parte del “Catálogo fotográfico y carta del cielo”, iniciativa promovida por el Observatorio de París.
Telescopio "Carta del Cielo" al interior del domo del complejo astronómico en Tonantzintla, Puebla. Este aparato, de finales del siglo XIX, formó parte de la "mudanza" del observatorio desde la ciudad de México a Puebla, y que hoy está en manos de la UNAM. Imagen: Flickr.
Aunque breve, este video permite conocer el aspecto del telescopio que se “mudó” de Tacubaya a Tonantzintla. Tomado de YouTube.
El edificio del Observatorio Astronómico de Tacubaya fue demolido, pero el edificio del Ex-Arzobispado sigue en uso hasta la fecha, según explica nuestro entrevistado, para llevar a cabo diversas actividades del Sistema Meteorológico Nacional.
Lee también: Las Cabañuelas, relación hombre-naturaleza que se está perdiendo
Más tarde, el 11 de febrero de 1964, sobre el terreno donde se encontraba la mayor parte del Observatorio de Tacubaya, el Dr. Ignacio Chávez y el Lic. Adolfo López Mateos, rector de la UNAM y Presidente de la República respectivamente, inauguraron el plantel número 4 de la Escuela Nacional Preparatoria (ENP) -que hasta la actualidad conserva un mural de José Chávez Morado.
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