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Mexico
threw troubled state oil company Pemex a lifeline in 2019 to stop USD $80 billion in bonds held by investors worldwide being labeled junk by credit rating agencies . Now, investors worry that the state itself is a risk for Pemex.
Mexico’s creditworthiness
came under increasing scrutiny in 2019, with two rating agencies flipping their sovereign outlook for the country to negative and one downgrading its rating.
has ground to a halt during Mexico’s first year under leftist President Andrés Manuel López Obrador , hitting income and sales tax receipts. Meanwhile, a fall in oil output has cut Pemex’s tax payout to the federal government.
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The fates of Mexico and Pemex are intertwined: a Mexico downgrade would almost certainly trigger one for Pemex.
“The base case is Moody’s downgrades the sovereign by one notch in Q2 2020 because of the need to continue to bail out Pemex as well as an erosion of savings used to meet fiscal targets,” said Aaron Gifford , an analyst at asset manager T. Rowe Price , one of the largest holders of Pemex bonds.
“That would probably lead to an automatic one-notch downgrade of Pemex as well into junk territory.”
Pemex is a major contributor to the budget and has long borrowed on bond markets to meet its tax obligations. In turn, the government has acted as an implicit guarantor for the company.
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Rating agencies
say Pemex’s needs and uncertainty over López Obrador’s decision-making have hurt investor confidence - even as his spending cuts have helped improve market perceptions of the risk of a Mexican sovereign default .
Rating agencies referred to their latest reports when asked for comment. López Obrador has said that while he respects the opinion of rating agencies, he feels “they weren’t professional, they weren’t objective.”
López Obrador has also eased Pemex’s huge debt burden , providing USD $9.5 billion in support via capital injections, tax breaks, and debt refinancing - in effect, transferring some of the company’s risk to the federal government.
But a Mexico downgrade could drive up borrowing costs and trigger a fire sale of Pemex bonds.
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and Standard & Poor’s have Mexico’s debt on negative outlook, implying a greater than one-in-three downgrade risk in the coming year. Fitch downgraded Mexico in June, and labeled Pemex’s $80 billion worth of dollar-denominated bonds junk .
Moody’s rates the company’s bonds one notch above junk . All three major agencies have Pemex’s bonds on negative outlook , and if two of them classify them as junk, many institutional investors would have to sell.
Rating agencies and bond investors have criticized the nationalist energy agenda of López Obrador , who inherited Pemex with USD $105.8 billion in financial debt. By end-September, he had cut Pemex’s financial debt to USD $99.6 billion .
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Armando Armenta
, a senior economist at AllianceBernstein , another large bond holder, said even though the government had reined in spending, the future looked uncertain. “2020 will be challenging as we expect growth - and government tax revenues - to disappoint,” Armenta said.
There is also skepticism about Pemex’s plans to lift output.
“They have a history of missing their production guidance ,” said Patti McConachie , an analyst at Columbia Threadneedle . “Over the last years, they have never guided production declines and it has been declining for over a decade.”
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Mexico gave Pemex an additional USD $5 billion?
Not everyone is downbeat.
“We have had a more fiscally disciplined López Obrador than the market feared,” said Omotunde Lawal , head of emerging markets corporate debt at Barings .
“The aid the government has provided to Pemex in 2019 has also been quite measured , and the government has been very effective in generating the most impact it can from the limited financial resources it had to spend on Pemex.”
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