Mexican drug lord 'El Chapo' to remain in solitary confinement in U.S.

Mexican drug lord Joaquín "El Chapo" Guzmán will remain in solitary confinement in a New York City prison, a U.S. judge ruled Thursday, although he will be allowed to send pre-screened messages to his wife for personal reasons and to help mount his legal defense.

Guzmán's court-appointed lawyers argued in March that he was being held in unnecessarily harsh conditions and asked that he be released into the general prison population. But U.S. District Judge Brian Cogan in Brooklyn ruled that there were good reasons for unusual measures around Guzmán, who has escaped from two Mexican prisons.

A lawyer for Guzmán had no immediate comment.

Guzmán is restricted to his cell for 23 hours a day, with the lights on at all times, and has not been allowed to speak to his wife or other family members. He has one hour of exercise in a small cage with no fresh air or sunlight, according to a March letter to prosecutors from Amnesty International.

The human rights group had asked to inspect Guzmán's cell, but Cogan on Thursday denied that request, saying Amnesty's involvement would "further sensationalize" the case.

Though Guzmán's lawyers had argued that his conditions were more restrictive than any other U.S. prisoner's, Cogan said they were not unusual for solitary confinement and that he would not make the case a "referendum" on the use of solitary confinement generally.

Guzmán's lawyers also sought more freedom to communicate with people in order to plan his defense, including his wife and potential witnesses.

Cogan ruled that Guzmán may not communicate with witnesses, citing his "alleged history of witness intimidation."

However, the judge said he may send written messages to his wife about hiring lawyers and about personal matters. Those messages will be subject to pre-screening by U.S. authorities.

Cogan also wrote that prison staff had relayed their observations of Guzmán's visits with his attorneys to prosecutors in the past, and ordered that such communications stop.

Guzmán, who sold oranges as a child before turning to the drug trade in the 1970s, was extradited from Mexico to the United States to face drug trafficking charges there on Jan. 19.

In his most recent escape in 2015, Guzmán walked out of prison through a mile-long, highly engineered tunnel from his cell, a sign of the huge influence he was able to wield even from behind bars.

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